20-Bickle Ch20.indd
نویسنده
چکیده
One of the central debates concerning delusion has to do with the role played by faulty hypothesis formation and other cognitive errors. Top-down models assign causal power to such errors in generating delusions, whereas bottom-up models regard these same cognitive errors as at least secondary to (and in some cases derivative from) the delusional experience. We support a bottom-up model of delusion, one that holds that delusional experiences are immediate and noninferential. With respect to the noninferential character of delusion, our approach is similar to that espoused by Gold and Hohwy (2000) in which delusions are referred to as “disorders of experience.” At the same time, however, we also acknowledge the explanatory appeal of top-down models of delusion, in which delusions are thought to derive from predictable, cognitive errors. Rather than accept that delusions are the result of higher-order cognitive mistakes, however, we argue that the kinds of errors to which such top-down models typically appeal may themselves be understood, in certain crucial respects, in a bottom-up way or as part of the immediate experience of the delusional subject. This view is supported by Kapur’s (2003) work in which schizophrenic delusion is understood in terms of aberrant salience, which in turn is explained at the neurological level as a disorder of the dopaminergic system. Thus, our model of delusion provides an integrated approach in which aberrations at the neurological level are directly related to a “disorder of experience,” at the phenomenological level, without recourse to mistaken inferences at the cognitive level. Though we acknowledge that delusions are, of course, associated with higher order cognitive effects, we argue that these are not the proper locus for the explanation of the delusional experience itself.
منابع مشابه
03-Bickle Ch03.indd
Before Ian Hacking’s Representing and Intervening (1983) philosophers of science focused almost exclusively on scientifi c theories. The lasting impact of Hacking’s book is that scientifi c experimental practices have also been shown to be of philosophical interest. One point Hacking made, on which no one seems to have followed up, is that the goal of laboratory experiments is the production of...
متن کاملPhysicalism and New - Wave - Reductionism
In his book Psychoneural Reduction – The New Wave John Bickle takes up a question that indeed deserved fresh consideration for quite some time – the question of whether psychology can be reduced to neurobiology. Of course, Bickle is right. In the last twenty years the general debate about the concept of theory reduction led to a lot of new insights. It should have been natural to reconsider the...
متن کاملSimulating the Strategic Adaptation of Organizations Using OrgSwarm
This chapter extends the particle swarm metaphor into the domain of organization science. A simulation model (OrgSwarm) is introduced which can be used to simulate the adaptation of a population of organizations on a strategic landscape. The simulator embeds a number of features including organizational inertia and dynamic landscapes. These features allow the examination of a wide range of real...
متن کاملThe King Is Dead, Long Live the King! JBS Special Issue on Screening by RNAi and Precise Genome Editing Technologies.
Organized by three distinguished members of the JBS Editorial Board – Marc Bickle, PhD, of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (Germany); Hakim Djaballah, PhD, of Institut Pasteur Korea (South Korea); and Lorenz Martin Mayr, PhD, of AstraZeneca (UK) – this special issue demonstrates how RNAi is enjoying a revival of popularity and is increasingly being applied to dis...
متن کامل